Setting the context for the crisis threatening to fragment the USSR, this reader presents essays by Western scholars who have helped to shape the debates within the field of Soviet nationality studies. Focusing first on the historical development of the multi-ethnic state, the discussions then turn to specific problem areas, including political stability, language policy, federalism, elites and nationalism, evaluating how they have contributed to the current crisis. An introductory essay by the editor analyzes opposing perspectives in each field of debate. Written for use as a textbook in college or graduate courses on Soviet nationality problems or Soviet domestic politics, this anthology of several decades of study is intended to appeal to students and professors alike.